Ectropion

Ectropion is a medical condition characterised by the outward turning of the lower eyelid, away from the eyeball. This misalignment of the eyelid can lead to various symptoms and potential complications.

Causes of Ectropion

Several factors can contribute to the development of ectropion:

  1. Ageing: As a person ages, the skin around the eyes may lose its elasticity, leading to stretching and laxity of the lower eyelid, causing it to turn outward.

  2. Facial palsy: Conditions like Bell's palsy, which affects the facial nerve, can weaken the muscles around the eye and contribute to ectropion.

  3. Prior surgery: Previous eyelid surgery or trauma can distort the normal anatomy and function of the eyelid, leading to ectropion.

  4. Sun damage: Long-term exposure to sunlight can cause skin tightening on the eyelid and cheek, which can pull the eyelid outward.

Symptoms of Ectropion

Ectropion can result in several uncomfortable symptoms and potential complications, including:

  • Excessive tearing (epiphora) due to inadequate drainage of tears through the tear ducts.

  • Redness and irritation of the eye because the exposed conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the eye) can become dry and irritated.

  • Mucous discharge, as the irritation and dryness prompt the eye to produce more mucus to protect the surface.

  • Risk of corneal damage, as the exposed cornea is more susceptible to injury, infection, and corneal abrasions.

Treatment of Ectropion

The most common and effective treatment for ectropion is surgical repair. The procedure aims to relieve symptoms, restore normal eyelid position, and protect the eye's surface.

Surgical repair involves:

  • Making a small incision at the outer corner of the lower eyelid.

  • Stretching and tightening the loose structures of the eyelid.

  • Re-suturing the eyelid to the tissue overlying the bone at the outer corner, thus repositioning the eyelid correctly.

If left untreated, ectropion can lead to persistent discomfort and potential long-term damage to the surface of the eye. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical attention and consider surgical intervention to address the condition effectively.