Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease that occurs as a result of diabetes, both in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. It affects the small blood vessels of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye responsible for capturing visual images. Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals with diabetes.

Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy

In the early stages, diabetic retinopathy may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, individuals may experience the following:

  1. Hazy or blurred vision: Vision may become hazy or blurred, making it difficult to see objects clearly.

  2. Floaters: Tiny specks or spots that float across the field of vision may be observed.

  3. Distorted central vision: Central vision may become distorted, and straight lines may appear bent or wavy.

  4. Loss of fine details: Fine details during everyday activities may become challenging to see.

Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy

  • All people with diabetes: Everyone with diabetes is at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.

  • Duration of diabetes: People who have had diabetes for a long time, especially 15 years or more, are at a higher risk of developing some form of diabetic retinopathy.

  • Poor diabetes control: Individuals whose diabetes is poorly controlled with high blood glucose levels over an extended period are more susceptible to diabetic retinopathy.   

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Early detection and timely treatment are crucial in managing diabetic retinopathy. Regular eye examinations are recommended for individuals with diabetes, as diabetic retinopathy may not present noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Treatment options such as laser therapy or injections can be effective in preventing severe vision loss in up to 98% of cases.

Individuals with diabetes should work closely with their healthcare providers to control their blood glucose levels and manage their condition effectively. Maintaining good diabetes management, leading a healthy lifestyle, and attending regular eye check-ups are essential steps in preventing and managing diabetic retinopathy.