Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the clear covering over the white part of the eye (sclera). It can be caused by various factors, including infections (viral or bacterial) and allergic reactions.
Causes of Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis can be caused by:
Viral or bacterial infection: Both types are highly contagious and can lead to red, itchy eyes with watery or thick yellow discharge, respectively. Viral conjunctivitis may affect one or both eyes, while bacterial conjunctivitis almost always affects both eyes.
Allergic reaction: Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious and is often associated with other signs of hay fever, such as an itchy, runny nose and sneezing. The eyes may be itchy and watery in this case.
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis
Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva
Itchy and watery eyes
Gritty feeling like sand in the eyes
Thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep (in bacterial conjunctivitis)
Sensitivity to bright lights (photophobia)
Excessive tears
Swelling of the eyes, making them appear puffy
Discharge, yellow or green in colour, causing crusting around the eyelids
Treatment for Conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis: There is no specific treatment, and it usually resolves on its own within two days to three weeks.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: This form may require antibiotic ointment or eye drops prescribed by a doctor. Treatment should be applied to both eyes, even if only one eye appears infected.
Allergic conjunctivitis: Treatment may involve using antihistamines and cool compresses to soothe the eyes. Lubricating eye drops can also be helpful.