Age Related Macula Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease associated with ageing that affects the central vision. The central vision is crucial for seeing detailed objects clearly and performing everyday tasks such as reading and driving. AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.

Symptoms of AMD

In the early stages, AMD may not cause noticeable symptoms, and it usually does not cause pain. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience the following symptoms:

  1. Distorted vision: Straight lines may appear bent or wavy. This is a characteristic symptom of AMD and is often noticed when looking at objects with straight lines, such as door frames or text on a page.

  2. Difficulty with reading: Individuals with AMD may struggle with reading, particularly when trying to discern small print or details. This difficulty may persist even with prescription glasses.

  3. Impaired facial recognition: Seeing faces clearly may become challenging as central vision is affected by AMD.

  4. Dark patches or blind spots: People with AMD may experience dark patches or empty spaces in the centre of their vision, known as blind spots. This can significantly impact their ability to see and recognize objects in front of them.

Types of AMD

There are two main types of AMD:

  1. Dry AMD: This is the most common type of AMD and progresses slowly. It involves the gradual breakdown of light-sensitive cells in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision.

  2. Wet AMD: Although less common, wet AMD is more severe and can lead to rapid vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow underneath the macula, leaking blood and fluid, which causes damage to the macula and affects central vision.

Treatment and Prevention

While there is no cure for AMD, there are treatment options available, particularly for wet AMD. In some cases, anti-VEGF injections can be used to inhibit the growth of abnormal blood vessels and slow down vision loss.

Early detection and regular eye examinations are crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. Certain lifestyle factors, such as not smoking, eating a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, and protecting the eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) light, may help reduce the risk of developing AMD or slow its progression.

It is essential for individuals, especially those over the age of 50, to be aware of the symptoms of AMD and seek regular eye check-ups to maintain healthy vision and detect any potential issues early.